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The Eighty-One Chapters

All Eighty-One Chapters

The complete Tao Te Ching in a fresh English rendering of the Wang Bi received text (王弼本), each chapter read by the five lenses. Click any card to dive in.

道經

Book I · The Way

chapters 1–37
CHAPTER 1 The Nameless

What can be spoken is already not the Way

“The Way that can be spoken is not the eternal Way.”

CHAPTER 2 The Unity of Opposites

Opposites are not in the world but in the cut you make

“So being and non-being generate each other.”

CHAPTER 3 Statecraft

Do not stoke the wanting you will then have to police

“and nothing is left ungoverned.”

CHAPTER 4 The Empty Source

The empty source that never runs dry

“The Way is empty, yet use it: it never fills up.”

CHAPTER 5 Impartiality

Impartial as a bellows, the system feeds itself

“they treat the ten thousand things as straw dogs.”

CHAPTER 6 The Valley Spirit

The generative low place that never runs out

“The spirit of the valley never dies.”

CHAPTER 7 Self-Outlasting

Why what outlasts everything never works for itself

“Thus the sage puts their own self last, and the self comes first.”

CHAPTER 8 Water

Water wins by taking the low place

“The highest good is like water.”

CHAPTER 9 Knowing Enough

Stop before the brim, and step back at the top

“The work done, oneself withdrawn — that is the Way (Tao) of heaven.”

CHAPTER 10 The Infant

Can you hold the One without gripping it?

“can you do it without cleverness?”

CHAPTER 11 Emptiness and Use

The use is in the emptiness

“It is the emptiness at its center that makes the cart useful.”

CHAPTER 12 Sensory Overload

Bandwidth, not appetite: why more signal blinds

“So the sage attends to the belly, not to the eye,”

CHAPTER 13 Self and Trouble

The self that can be wounded is the self that holds you

“Favor and disgrace are both alarming;”

CHAPTER 14 The Formless

The pattern you can hold but never see

“Look for it and you do not see it: call it the unseen.”

CHAPTER 15 Stillness and Patience

Muddy water clears if you let it stand

“Who can be muddy, and through stillness slowly grow clear?”

CHAPTER 16 Return to the Root

Watch the whole turning return to its root

“To return to the root is called stillness;”

CHAPTER 17 Statecraft

The best ruler leaves no fingerprints

“When trust runs short, there is no trust in return.”

CHAPTER 18 Symptoms of Loss

The named virtues are the smoke, not the fire

“When the great Way is abandoned, benevolence and righteousness appear.”

CHAPTER 19 The Uncarved Block

Cut the virtues you can name, recover the ground they stood on

“see the unbleached silk, embrace the uncarved block (pu),”

CHAPTER 20 Not Knowing

I alone am muddled, and that is the point

“Mine is the mind of a fool — so muddled!”

CHAPTER 21 Virtue and the Way

The reliable signal inside the blur

“and within it there is something to be trusted.”

CHAPTER 22 Yielding

Bend, and you stay whole

“Bend, and you stay whole;”

CHAPTER 23 Sparing Speech

Even a storm cannot keep it up all day

“Where trust falls short, there is no trust given back.”

CHAPTER 24 Self-Display

On tiptoe you cannot stand

“Stand on tiptoe and you do not stand steady”

CHAPTER 25 What Is So of Itself

Something formed before heaven and earth, and it follows only itself

“the Way follows what is so of itself (ziran).”

CHAPTER 26 Gravity and Stillness

The heavy is the root of the light

“The heavy is the root of the light; stillness is the master of restlessness.”

CHAPTER 27 Effortless Skill

The good walk leaves no track

“Good walking leaves no track or trace;”

CHAPTER 28 The Uncarved Block

Know the bright, keep to the dark

“and you return again to the uncarved block (pu).”

CHAPTER 29 The Ungraspable World

The world is a sacred vessel you cannot hold by force

“Whoever acts on it ruins it, whoever grasps it loses it.”

CHAPTER 30 Force Backfires

Force rebounds: the system bites back at whoever pushes it

“Such matters tend to rebound.”

CHAPTER 31 Weapons, War

Even a victory is held as a funeral

“A victory in war is conducted by the rites of mourning.”

CHAPTER 32 The Uncarved Block

Names begin, and the wise know where to stop

“To know when to stop is how to come to no harm.”

CHAPTER 33 Knowing Oneself

The harder mastery is the one that faces inward

“To overcome others takes force; to master oneself is strength.”

CHAPTER 34 Mysterious Virtue

The Way is great because it never claims to be

“It clothes and feeds the ten thousand things, yet lords over none.”

CHAPTER 35 The Great Image

The signal too plain to taste, and why the world comes to it

“Hold to the great image, and the world comes to you.”

CHAPTER 36 Subtle Insight

The turn is already loaded into the swing

“The soft and weak overcome the hard and strong.”

CHAPTER 37 Wu Wei

Does nothing, yet leaves nothing undone

“The Way (Tao) is eternally without forcing (wu wei), yet nothing is left undone.”

德經

Book II · The Power

chapters 38–81
CHAPTER 38 The Descent of Virtue

When the road is lost, you get rules

“So the great person dwells in the thick, not the thin;”

CHAPTER 39 The One

The One that holds the parts together

“lords and kings attained the One and so set the world right.”

CHAPTER 40 Reversal

The system runs by turning back and by yielding

“Reversal is the movement of the Way (Tao).”

CHAPTER 41 Hidden Power

The Way looks like its opposite

“The bright Way seems dim”

CHAPTER 42 Generation and Harmony

The generative cascade, and the harmony that holds it

“So a thing may be diminished, and thereby increased,”

CHAPTER 43 Wu Wei

The soft rides down the hard

“By this I know the benefit of acting without forcing (wu wei).”

CHAPTER 44 Knowing Enough

What you chase costs more than it returns

“Know when you have enough, and you meet no disgrace;”

CHAPTER 45 Apparent Deficiency

The greatest things look like their own lack

“Clarity and stillness set the world right.”

CHAPTER 46 Knowing Enough

When the wanting stops, the horses come home

“No calamity is greater than not knowing when one has enough.”

CHAPTER 47 Knowing Without Going

Knowing the world without leaving the room

“The farther one goes, the less one knows.”

CHAPTER 48 Daily Decrease

Subtract until there is nothing left to force

“In pursuit of the Way (Tao), daily decrease.”

CHAPTER 49 No Fixed Mind

The ruler who keeps no mind of their own

“The sage has no fixed mind of their own; they take the mind of the people as their mind.”

CHAPTER 50 Life and Death

The one who keeps no death-ground

“Because they leave no ground for death to take hold.”

CHAPTER 51 Mysterious Virtue

It gives birth and claims nothing

“It gives birth, yet does not possess;”

CHAPTER 52 Returning to the Source

Hold the mother, know the children

“To see the small is called insight (ming);”

CHAPTER 53 Statecraft

The broad road and the by-path

“this is called the swagger of robbery.”

CHAPTER 54 Cultivation, Scale

What is well planted scales by being itself at every level

“What is well planted is not uprooted.”

CHAPTER 55 The Infant

The infant's grip and the limits of force

“Its bones are soft, its sinews weak, yet its grip is firm.”

CHAPTER 56 Knowing and Silence

The one who knows holds no handle on the world

“Those who know do not speak;”

CHAPTER 57 Statecraft

Govern by stepping out of the loop

“I have no business, and the people enrich themselves”

CHAPTER 58 Statecraft

The looser the rule, the truer the people

“There is no fixed standard.”

CHAPTER 59 Sparing

Govern by spending less, and the reserve runs deep

“the Way (Tao) of long life and lasting vision.”

CHAPTER 60 Statecraft

Govern as you cook a small fish — by not poking it

“Governing a great state is like cooking a small fish.”

CHAPTER 61 Statecraft

The great state lies low, and everything flows to it

“A great state is a low-lying confluence,”

CHAPTER 62 Refuge

The shelter that turns no one away

“The Way (Tao) is the innermost refuge of the ten thousand things.”

CHAPTER 63 Wu Wei

Meet the hard while it is still soft

“Plan for the difficult while it is still easy;”

CHAPTER 64 Early Action

Act on it before it arrives

“A journey of a thousand miles begins beneath your feet.”

CHAPTER 65 Statecraft, Simplicity

Why the wise ruler does not make the people clever

“to govern a state with cleverness is the curse of the state”

CHAPTER 66 Leading from below

Why the low place rules

“Rivers and seas can be king to the hundred valleys because they are good at lying below them.”

CHAPTER 67 The Three Treasures

The three treasures: why holding back is what holds together

“not daring to be first in the world, and so I can become the vessel that lasts.”

CHAPTER 68 Not Contending

The best fighter never fights

“This is called the virtue of not contending.”

CHAPTER 69 The Art of War

The one who grieves wins

“the one who grieves wins.”

CHAPTER 70 Knowing and Doing

Easy to know, impossible to practice

“My words are very easy to understand, very easy to practice.”

CHAPTER 71 Knowing Enough

Knowing the edge of what you know

“To know that you do not know is best;”

CHAPTER 72 Statecraft

When dread arrives, the loop has already broken

“And so: they let that go and take hold of this.”

CHAPTER 73 Heaven's Way

The net that loses nothing

“it does not summon, yet things come of themselves (ziran);”

CHAPTER 74 Statecraft, Death

Who takes the executioner's place cuts their own hand

“There is always the one in charge of killing, who kills.”

CHAPTER 75 Statecraft

The famine the ruler feeds

“The people make light of death because they chase life too richly.”

CHAPTER 76 The Soft and Weak

The living are supple; the dead are stiff

“So the hard and strong belong to death;”

CHAPTER 77 Balancing the Excess

Heaven draws down the high and lifts the low

“The Way of heaven takes from excess and adds to lack.”

CHAPTER 78 Water

Nothing is softer than water, and nothing wears down the hard so surely

“True words seem to say the opposite.”

CHAPTER 79 Grievance and Debt

Hold the tally, make no claim

“So the sage holds the left half of the tally”

CHAPTER 80 Enough, Statecraft

A small state that has stopped scaling

“Let there be tools enough for tens and hundreds, yet left unused.”

CHAPTER 81 True Words

The giving that fills the giver

“the more they give to others, the more they have”