Glossary

Every term with its coiner, where one exists. Where a term has no single origin, this page says so explicitly rather than leaving the line blank — an absent attribution reads as an oversight, and provenance is part of the claim.

Agent = Model + Harness

The decomposition that makes harness engineering a discipline. The model is bought or rented and changes underneath you; the harness (context, tools, memory, gates) is what you actually build and own.

Coined by Birgitta Böckeler (attributing the formulation to LangChain)primaryChapter 4 · Harness engineering

Back pressure

You can hand a loop as much autonomy as you can cheaply and reliably verify, and not one inch more. Generation is a wide mouth; verification is a narrow neck.

Coined by Geoffrey Huntley (as 'back pressure engineering'); the constraint framing is Addy Osmani'sprimaryChapter 5 · The price of the verifier

Comprehension debt

The widening gap between how much code exists and how much any human still understands. Unlike technical debt it accrues silently, with the tests green, and it is invisible until something breaks in a place nobody can read.

Coined by Addy OsmaniprimaryChapter 6 · Comprehension debt

Dark factory

A pipeline that ships code no human has read, verified only by other machines. The word is a claim about where reading happens — nowhere — not a claim about rigour.

Coined by Dan Shapiro popularised the software usage; the term is borrowed from lights-out manufacturingprimaryChapter 3 · Lights on, lights off

Deterministic floor

The binary, cheap, non-negotiable checks a change must pass before anything expensive looks at it: it builds, the types check, the links resolve. A floor is never a taste proxy, and the moment it starts approximating quality it stops being trustworthy.

No single origin — the term is in general useworkspaceChapter 8 · Setting the switches

Digital Twin Universe

Behavioural clones of third-party services, built by agents from public API docs and shipped as self-contained binaries, so scenario tests can run thousands of times an hour without rate limits.

Coined by StrongDMprimaryChapter 8 · Setting the switches

Harness engineering

Building and iterating the environment an agent runs inside: guides that steer before it acts, sensors that observe after. The human's job moves from writing the code to improving the harness that writes it.

Coined by Birgitta Böckeler, ThoughtworksprimaryChapter 4 · Harness engineering

Inferential sensor

A feedback control whose verdict is a judgement: an LLM-as-judge, a semantic review agent. Slow, non-deterministic, expensive, and the only kind that can see the things a linter cannot.

Coined by Birgitta BöckelerprimaryChapter 4 · Harness engineering

Light factory (lit factory)

The same pipeline with the lights left on where judgment lives. Agents still do most of the building; a human reads what comes out and, more importantly, spends judgment upstream on product, design and architecture before a loop starts.

Coined by Addy OsmaniprimaryChapter 3 · Lights on, lights off

Loop

One agent doing a single job on repeat: gather context, act, check, go again. The smallest unit of agentic work; everything above it is loops stacked on loops.

No single origin — the term is in general useprimaryChapter 1 · Loops, harnesses, factories

Ralph loop

A coding agent in an infinite shell loop, reading the same prompt file each iteration, using the filesystem and git history as memory, starting each cycle with a fresh context window. Named for the Simpsons character: the dumb persistence is the feature.

Coined by Geoffrey HuntleyprimaryChapter 7 · Owning the control flow

Satisfaction

A probabilistic success metric (what fraction of observed trajectories likely satisfy the user) replacing the boolean of 'tests pass'. Accepting it means accepting that correctness is now a distribution.

Coined by StrongDMprimaryChapter 8 · Setting the switches

Scenario-as-holdout

End-to-end user stories kept outside the codebase, like a machine-learning holdout set, so the agents that write the code cannot see, overfit or game the tests that judge it.

Coined by StrongDMprimaryChapter 8 · Setting the switches

Spec-driven development (SDD)

Treating a written specification as the executable source of truth an agent works from, rather than a chat transcript. The on-ramp most teams take into factory work.

No single origin — the term is in general useprimaryChapter 4 · Harness engineering

Steering loop

The outermost of three nested loops: the model reasons and acts, the agent self-corrects against sensors, and the human iterates the harness. 'Keep quality left.'

Coined by Birgitta BöckelerprimaryChapter 4 · Harness engineering

Verification debt

The accumulating cost of AI-generated code that has been merged but never properly checked. The sibling of comprehension debt: one is what nobody understands, the other is what nobody verified.

Coined by Werner Vogels, AWSprimaryChapter 5 · The price of the verifier